Send us a comment. The methodological issues involved in the design of NLP grammar formalisms are usefully discussed in Shieber (1985a, 1987). [*] [*] The use of feature-theoretic grammar formalisms for NLP appears to have its origins in the work of Yngve in the 1950s (1958). [*] The best introduction to the PATR grammar formalism is Shieber (1986a), [*] while compilation of other grammar formalisms into PATR is discussed in Shieber (1986b). [*] Hirsh (1988) shows how PATR grammars can be compiled into equivalent DCGs. Pereira and Warren (1980/1986) provide the standard DCG reference but see also Clocksin and Mellish (1981) and Pereira and Shieber (1987). DCGs have their origins in the "Metamorphosis Grammars" of Colmerauer (1978) and have spawned many progeny of their own, such as extraposition grammars (Pereira 1980), slot grammars (McCord 1980), gapping grammars (Dahl and Abramson 1984), Definite Clause Translation Grammars (DCTG -- Abramson 1984), GDL0 (Morishita and Hirakawa 1984), Modular Logic Grammars, (MLG -- McCord 1985), puzzle grammars (Sabatier 1985), and restriction grammars (Hirschman and Puder 1986).
Aho and Ullmann (1972) detail many of the properties of CFLs and [*] CF-PSGs, Joshi (1987) gives a useful summary introduction to CF-PSG and some of its derivatives, [*] and surveys of recent mathematical work on natural languages are to be found in Perrault (1984), and Gazdar and Pullum (1985). [*] [*] Fallacious or empirically ill-founded arguments mounted against the context freeness of natural languages are critically discussed in Pullum and Gazdar (1982) and Pullum (1984a), [*] [*] while a recent exemplar can be found in Rich (1983, p. 314). [*] The non-fallacious argument based on Swiss German is due to Huybregts (1985) and Shieber (1985b), independently. [*] [*] The claim that natural languages are not in general finite-state is thoroughly evaluated by Daly (1974). [*] Useful discussion of the implications of the various claims and results for work in NLP can be found in Pullum (1983, 1984b). [*] [*]
Indexed languages and grammars were first discussed by Aho (1968) and [*] a less technical presentation is available in Hopcroft and Ullman (1979). [*] Their relevance to linguistic issues is the subject of Gazdar (1988). [*]
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